![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Vol. 11, Issue 7, 2497-2511, July 2000
and
*European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; The simpler of the two infectious forms of vaccinia virus, the
intracellular mature virus (IMV) is known to infect cells less efficiently than the extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), which is
surrounded by an additional, TGN-derived membrane. We show here that
when the IMV binds HeLa cells, it activates a signaling cascade that is
regulated by the GTPase rac1 and rhoA, ezrin, and both tyrosine and
protein kinase C phosphorylation. These cascades are linked to the
formation of actin and ezrin containing protrusions at the plasma
membrane that seem to be essential for the entry of IMV cores. The
identical cores of the EEV also appear to enter at the cell surface,
but surprisingly, without the need for signaling and actin/membrane
rearrangements. Thus, in addition to its known role in wrapping the IMV
and the formation of intracellular actin comets, the membrane of the
EEV seems to have evolved the capacity to enter cells silently, without
a need for signaling.
Heinrich Pette Institute,
Martinistrasse 52, 2000 Hamburg, Germany; and
Beiersdorfs AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. L. Sood, J. M. Ward, and B. Moss Vaccinia Virus Encodes I5, a Small Hydrophobic Virion Membrane Protein That Enhances Replication and Virulence in Mice J. Virol., October 15, 2008; 82(20): 10071 - 10078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-Y. Huang, T.-Y. Lu, C.-H. Bair, Y.-S. Chang, J.-K. Jwo, and W. Chang A Novel Cellular Protein, VPEF, Facilitates Vaccinia Virus Penetration into HeLa Cells through Fluid Phase Endocytosis J. Virol., August 15, 2008; 82(16): 7988 - 7999. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Mercer and A. Helenius Vaccinia Virus Uses Macropinocytosis and Apoptotic Mimicry to Enter Host Cells Science, April 25, 2008; 320(5875): 531 - 535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-L. Chiu, C.-L. Lin, M.-H. Yang, D.-L. M. Tzou, and W. Chang Vaccinia Virus 4c (A26L) Protein on Intracellular Mature Virus Binds to the Extracellular Cellular Matrix Laminin J. Virol., March 1, 2007; 81(5): 2149 - 2157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ojeda, A. Domi, and B. Moss Vaccinia Virus G9 Protein Is an Essential Component of the Poxvirus Entry-Fusion Complex J. Virol., October 1, 2006; 80(19): 9822 - 9830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Clement, V. Tiwari, P. M. Scanlan, T. Valyi-Nagy, B. Y.J.T. Yue, and D. Shukla A novel role for phagocytosis-like uptake in herpes simplex virus entry J. Cell Biol., September 25, 2006; 174(7): 1009 - 1021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Izmailyan, C.-Y. Huang, S. Mohammad, S. N. Isaacs, and W. Chang The Envelope G3L Protein Is Essential for Entry of Vaccinia Virus into Host Cells. J. Virol., September 1, 2006; 80(17): 8402 - 8410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Townsley, A. S. Weisberg, T. R. Wagenaar, and B. Moss Vaccinia Virus Entry into Cells via a Low-pH-Dependent Endosomal Pathway. J. Virol., September 1, 2006; 80(18): 8899 - 8908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Rahbar, T. T. Murooka, A. A. Hinek, C. L. Galligan, A. Sassano, C. Yu, K. Srivastava, L. C. Platanias, and E. N. Fish Vaccinia Virus Activation of CCR5 Invokes Tyrosine Phosphorylation Signaling Events That Support Virus Replication J. Virol., July 15, 2006; 80(14): 7245 - 7259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Munter, M. Way, and F. Frischknecht Signaling During Pathogen Infection Sci. Signal., May 16, 2006; 2006(335): re5 - re5. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. I. Okeke, O. Nilssen, and T. Traavik Modified vaccinia virus Ankara multiplies in rat IEC-6 cells and limited production of mature virions occurs in other mammalian cell lines J. Gen. Virol., January 1, 2006; 87(1): 21 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Resch and B. Moss The Conserved Poxvirus L3 Virion Protein Is Required for Transcription of Vaccinia Virus Early Genes J. Virol., December 1, 2005; 79(23): 14719 - 14729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Townsley, T. G. Senkevich, and B. Moss The Product of the Vaccinia Virus L5R Gene Is a Fourth Membrane Protein Encoded by All Poxviruses That Is Required for Cell Entry and Cell-Cell Fusion J. Virol., September 1, 2005; 79(17): 10988 - 10998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Townsley, T. G. Senkevich, and B. Moss Vaccinia Virus A21 Virion Membrane Protein Is Required for Cell Entry and Fusion J. Virol., August 1, 2005; 79(15): 9458 - 9469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. C. Carter, M. Law, M. Hollinshead, and G. L. Smith Entry of the vaccinia virus intracellular mature virion and its interactions with glycosaminoglycans J. Gen. Virol., May 1, 2005; 86(5): 1279 - 1290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. G. Senkevich and B. Moss Vaccinia Virus H2 Protein Is an Essential Component of a Complex Involved in Virus Entry and Cell-Cell Fusion J. Virol., April 15, 2005; 79(8): 4744 - 4754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-S. Chung, C.-Y. Huang, and W. Chang Vaccinia Virus Penetration Requires Cholesterol and Results in Specific Viral Envelope Proteins Associated with Lipid Rafts J. Virol., February 1, 2005; 79(3): 1623 - 1634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Komano, K. Miyauchi, Z. Matsuda, and N. Yamamoto Inhibiting the Arp2/3 Complex Limits Infection of Both Intracellular Mature Vaccinia Virus and Primate Lentiviruses Mol. Biol. Cell, December 1, 2004; 15(12): 5197 - 5207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kim, H. Yang, S.-K. Kim, P. A. Reche, R. S. Tirabassi, R. E. Hussey, Y. Chishti, J. G. Rheinwald, T. J. Morehead, T. Zech, et al. Biochemical and Functional Analysis of Smallpox Growth Factor (SPGF) and Anti-SPGF Monoclonal Antibodies J. Biol. Chem., June 11, 2004; 279(24): 25838 - 25848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. G. Senkevich, B. M. Ward, and B. Moss Vaccinia Virus Entry into Cells Is Dependent on a Virion Surface Protein Encoded by the A28L Gene J. Virol., March 1, 2004; 78(5): 2357 - 2366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Nobiron, D. R. O'Reilly, and J. A. Olszewski Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells: a global analysis of host gene regulation during infection, using a differential display approach J. Gen. Virol., November 1, 2003; 84(11): 3029 - 3039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Gallego-Gomez, C. Risco, D. Rodriguez, P. Cabezas, S. Guerra, J. L. Carrascosa, and M. Esteban Differences in Virus-Induced Cell Morphology and in Virus Maturation between MVA and Other Strains (WR, Ankara, and NYCBH) of Vaccinia Virus in Infected Human Cells J. Virol., October 1, 2003; 77(19): 10606 - 10622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Da Fonseca and B. Moss Poxvirus DNA topoisomerase knockout mutant exhibits decreased infectivity associated with reduced early transcription PNAS, September 30, 2003; 100(20): 11291 - 11296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. C. Carter, G. Rodger, B. J. Murphy, M. Law, O. Krauss, M. Hollinshead, and G. L. Smith Vaccinia virus cores are transported on microtubules J. Gen. Virol., September 1, 2003; 84(9): 2443 - 2458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Pires de Miranda, P. C. Reading, D. C. Tscharke, B. J. Murphy, and G. L. Smith The vaccinia virus kelch-like protein C2L affects calcium-independent adhesion to the extracellular matrix and inflammation in a murine intradermal model J. Gen. Virol., September 1, 2003; 84(9): 2459 - 2471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Johnston, J. W. Barrett, W. Chang, C.-S. Chung, W. Zeng, J. Masters, M. Mann, F. Wang, J. Cao, and G. McFadden Role of the Serine-Threonine Kinase PAK-1 in Myxoma Virus Replication J. Virol., May 15, 2003; 77(10): 5877 - 5888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Welsch, L. Doglio, S. Schleich, and J. Krijnse Locker The Vaccinia Virus I3L Gene Product Is Localized to a Complex Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Structure That Contains the Viral Parental DNA J. Virol., May 15, 2003; 77(10): 6014 - 6028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. L. Smith, A. Vanderplasschen, and M. Law The formation and function of extracellular enveloped vaccinia virus J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2002; 83(12): 2915 - 2931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Doglio, A. De Marco, S. Schleich, N. Roos, and J. Krijnse Locker The Vaccinia Virus E8R Gene Product: a Viral Membrane Protein That Is Made Early in Infection and Packaged into the Virions' Core J. Virol., August 28, 2002; 76(19): 9773 - 9786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Sancho, S. Schleich, G. Griffiths, and J. Krijnse-Locker The Block in Assembly of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara in HeLa Cells Reveals New Insights into Vaccinia Virus Morphogenesis J. Virol., July 17, 2002; 76(16): 8318 - 8334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Sieczkarski and G. R. Whittaker Dissecting virus entry via endocytosis J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2002; 83(7): 1535 - 1545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Mallardo, E. Leithe, S. Schleich, N. Roos, L. Doglio, and J. Krijnse Locker Relationship between Vaccinia Virus Intracellular Cores, Early mRNAs, and DNA Replication Sites J. Virol., April 16, 2002; 76(10): 5167 - 5183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Law, R. Hollinshead, and G. L. Smith Antibody-sensitive and antibody-resistant cell-to-cell spread by vaccinia virus: role of the A33R protein in antibody-resistant spread J. Gen. Virol., January 1, 2002; 83(1): 209 - 222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Masters, A. A. Hinek, S. Uddin, L. C. Platanias, W. Zeng, G. McFadden, and E. N. Fish Poxvirus Infection Rapidly Activates Tyrosine Kinase Signal Transduction J. Biol. Chem., December 14, 2001; 276(51): 48371 - 48375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Mallardo, S. Schleich, and J. Krijnse Locker Microtubule-dependent Organization of Vaccinia Virus Core-derivd Early mRNAs into Distinct Cytoplasmic Structures Mol. Biol. Cell, December 1, 2001; 12(12): 3875 - 3891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Griffiths, R. Wepf, T. Wendt, J. K. Locker, M. Cyrklaff, and N. Roos Structure and Assembly of Intracellular Mature Vaccinia Virus: Isolated-Particle Analysis J. Virol., November 15, 2001; 75(22): 11034 - 11055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Griffiths, N. Roos, S. Schleich, and J. K. Locker Structure and Assembly of Intracellular Mature Vaccinia Virus: Thin-Section Analyses J. Virol., November 15, 2001; 75(22): 11056 - 11070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. de Magalhaes, A. A. Andrade, P. N. G. Silva, L. P. Sousa, C. Ropert, P. C. P. Ferreira, E. G. Kroon, R. T. Gazzinelli, and C. A. Bonjardim A Mitogenic Signal Triggered at an Early Stage of Vaccinia Virus Infection. IMPLICATION OF MEK/ERK AND PROTEIN KINASE A IN VIRUS MULTIPLICATION J. Biol. Chem., October 12, 2001; 276(42): 38353 - 38360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Tolonen, L. Doglio, S. Schleich, and J. K. Locker Vaccinia Virus DNA Replication Occurs in Endoplasmic Reticulum-enclosed Cytoplasmic Mini-Nuclei Mol. Biol. Cell, July 1, 2001; 12(7): 2031 - 2046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
